Knob-billed Coot

The Knob-billed Coot (Fulica cristata), also known as the crested coot, is a distinctive bird that belongs to the Rallidae family. This species is medium-sized, typically measuring around 38–45 cm (15–18 in) in length, with a wingspan ranging from 70–80 cm (28–31 in).

The most striking feature of the knob-billed coot is the pair of fleshy, red caruncles or “knobs” located at the base of its upper mandible, just above the forehead. These knobs are more pronounced in males, especially during the breeding season, making them a key sexual dimorphism trait. The knobs are absent or much less pronounced in non-breeding individuals and females.

The bird’s plumage is predominantly dark slate-gray to black, providing an almost uniform color that serves as effective camouflage against the murky waters and dense vegetation of its habitat. The wings and tail are short and rounded, adapted more for short bursts of flight rather than long-distance migration. The underparts are slightly paler, with a duller gray hue.

The coot’s eyes are a deep, ruby-red, contrasting sharply with the dark plumage. Its legs are strong and relatively long, equipped with large, lobed toes that enable it to walk on soft, muddy surfaces and swim effectively. The toes are an olive-green or yellowish color, often tinged with a bluish hue.

The bill of the knob-billed coot is short, stout, and ivory-white, sometimes with a bluish tinge. This bird is omnivorous, feeding on a variety of aquatic plants, seeds, small invertebrates, and occasionally small fish. The robust bill allows it to grasp and tear apart tougher vegetation, while the lobed toes aid in foraging on both land and water.